Hey jingnan - we recommend an external, properly grounded PoE surge protector for exposed outdoor installations. Ideally, install one near the camera and another where the Ethernet cable enters the building. Use shielded outdoor-rated Ethernet cable and a properly grounded PoE switch or injector.
For OAK4-D, ensure the protector supports PoE+ (802.3at, 30 W), the required data rate, and the M12 X-coded connection. Please note that surge protection reduces risk but cannot guarantee protection against a direct lightning strike.
Thanks,
Oskar